Syntax: This is a complex sentence. 'I guess' is a parenthetical clause expressing uncertainty. 'Now it's time for me to give up' is the main clause using the structure 'It's time for + person + to-infinitive' to indicate necessity. 'I feel it's time' is a separate independent clause joined to express a personal sensation.
Morphology: 'Guess' is a verb in base form. 'Now' is an adverb of time. 'It's' is a contraction of 'it is'. 'Time' is a singular noun. 'To give up' is the infinitive form of the phrasal verb. 'Feel' is a verb in base form.

Syntax: These are two simple sentences in the present perfect tense ('Got' as a colloquial form of 'I have got' / 'I have'). They list possessions that serve as evidence. 'Beside me' is a prepositional phrase modifying 'picture'. 'Still on your coffee cup' is an adverbial phrase modifying the state of the 'lipstick mark'.
Morphology: 'Got' is the past participle used in present perfect constructions. 'Picture' and 'lipstick mark' are singular nouns. 'Beside' is a preposition. 'Still' is an adverb. 'Your' is a possessive adjective. 'Coffee cup' is a noun-noun compound.

Syntax: Sentence 12 uses parallel structure with 'Got a...' to list two metaphorical possessions. Sentence 13 uses the structure 'Gotta + verb' (colloquial for 'have got to') to express strong obligation, repeated for emphasis. 'All behind now' is an adverbial phrase.
Morphology: 'Fist' and 'head' are singular nouns used metaphorically. 'Pure' and 'shattered' are adjectives. 'Emotion' and 'dreams' are nouns. 'Gotta' is a contraction of 'got to'. 'Leave' is a verb in base form. 'It' is a pronoun. 'Behind' functions as an adverb here.

Syntax: Sentence 14 uses the correlative conjunctions 'Whatever... whatever...' to be comprehensively inclusive of all past faults. 'I didn't mean it' is a simple past negative clause. Sentence 15 is a simple declarative sentence with 'just' for emphasis. The parenthetical line 16 is a repetitive, emphatic reinforcement using the same structure.
Morphology: 'Whatever' is a relative pronoun. 'Said' and 'did' are irregular verbs in simple past tense. 'Didn't' is the contraction of 'did not'. 'Mean' is a verb in base form. 'It' is a pronoun. 'Want' is a verb in base form. 'Back' is an adverb. 'For good' is a prepositional phrase acting as an adverbial.

Syntax: This is a complex sentence. 'Whenever I'm wrong' is a subordinate adverb clause of time. 'Just tell me the song' is the main imperative clause. 'And I'll sing it' is a coordinate clause joined by 'and', using the future simple tense ('will sing'). 'You'll be right and understood' is a separate future simple clause with a compound predicate.
Morphology: 'Whenever' is a conjunction. 'Wrong' is an adjective. 'Tell' is a verb in imperative mood. 'Song' is a singular noun. 'I'll' is a contraction of 'I will'. 'Sing' is a verb in base form. 'You'll' is a contraction of 'you will'. 'Right' and 'understood' are adjectives in the predicate.

Syntax: Sentence 26 starts with a prepositional phrase 'In the twist of separation'. Sentence 27 is a simple past tense statement. Sentences 28-29 form a question: 'Can't you find... a little room inside for me?' 'Inside for me' is a prepositional phrase modifying 'room'.
Morphology: 'Twist' is a singular noun used metaphorically. 'Separation' is an abstract noun. 'Excelled' is a regular verb in simple past tense. 'Being' is the gerund form of 'be'. 'Free' is an adjective. 'Can't' is a contraction of 'cannot'. 'Find' is a verb in base form. 'Little' is an adjective. 'Room' is a singular noun. 'Inside' is a preposition.